Baseline Report Anger Management as a Behavioral

They are on the floor in front of his bed and if he accidental kicks one over it will be in my carpet. The bathroom is attached to his room, less than eight feet away. He took out doughnuts from a drawer in his captain's bed, which was open and I could see all kinds of snacks in there (no food is allowed in the bedroom) and was watching TV without a care in the world. Clean clothes that were placed on a table in his room on Sunday were still not put away, soda cans were lying on the floor and the playpen for the dog smelled like urine.I went off, telling him that â€Å"l can't do this anymore; you don't help me take care of the house and tot even yourself. You are lazy, stupid, and hateful, you don't clean up after yourself or even clean yourself and I feel like I am losing control. † I start to cry, continue screaming, waving my hands and he just looks at me like a deer caught in head lights and occasionally throws some curse words my way. Slam his door and go sit on the couc h to calm down. He doesn't come out of his room until I go upstairs and we avoid each other the rest of the day.Intensity a 3 and lasted 9 minutes. Thursday 11/13 (7:15-726 a. M. ) Milk is left out all night again and ice cream is melted all over my counter again. Constant occurrence despite putting up signs in bright yellow and orange in the kitchen to put away food in the freezer or refrigerator when finished with it. I have addressed this more times than I can count over the last three years. I went into his room, turned on the light and began to ask him if he was just stupid or if he was doing these things deliberately to tick me off. He said he wasn't trying to tick me off but just forgot.Then he said, â€Å"Here we go again, another lovely day. † I started screaming that I don't plan to have days like this, I don't want to have days like this but when you keep owing stupid things that tick me off, we will have days like this. † He told me to â€Å"shut the upâ₠¬  which made me angrier and then I told him that I wish he would go live in a home because he's driving me crazy. Then he said he was sorry, that he didn't mean it but it happens all the time and am so tired of dealing with the insanity of his progressing dementia and physical problems on top of his bipolar disorder.Unfortunately, I tell him that when I am having a tantrum, which I do realize is very unfair since he did not ask for any of these diagnoses. I pray for strength, I pray for understanding, pray for patience all of the time. Intensity was a (2) and the tantrum lasted 11 minutes. Friday 1 1/14 There Were Zero TA entrust in the observation period. Michael got up at a reasonable time, ate breakfast, took his meds, did the dishes and cleaned the kitty litter and managed to be considerate and helpful. I was very grateful today for the peace. Saturday 11/15 p. M. I yelled at Michael to get out of bed and help walk the dogs. I had been calling him since 3:45, letting him know that he needed to get dressed to help. I screamed at him to get out of bed and move his butt and help me. I said, â€Å"You stay in bed all day without a care in the world and need some alp. You did no chores today and need you to get up, get dressed and stop pretending that you are my child. I am sick of having to ask you every day for help when you know what needs to get done. NOW GET UP!! † He did get up begrudgingly, as if was annoying him. Intensity was a (2) and the tantrum lasted 5 minutes.Saturday 11/15 (6:40-7:20 p. M. ) I was in a great deal of pain from the car accident on Monday, November 1 20th and Michael came in asking me what was making for dinner. Was lying on the couch with an icepack on my shoulder and a heating pad on my back. I told him that he loud have to fix himself something tonight because was so sore from getting a chiropractic adjustment. He started to complain that there was nothing to eat (there was plenty to eat, just nothing he wanted to make). All this time he did not come out to ask me if I wanted or needed anything so I threw a full blown tantrum.I started screaming at him, â€Å"Are you stupid, do you not see the heating pad and ice pack? Do you not realize was in a car accident and could have been killed? Can't you do something for me for once? † My voice rose to the level that I believe the people down the block could have heard me. I got myself Off the couch and actually got in his face (l would like to believe it was the pain killers I was on but I have reacted like this in the past when I was over tired or not feeling good) and continued to scream how useless he was and that he needed to find another place to live.He just looks at me and goes â€Å"blah, blah, blah, I'm not going anywhere,† and then I accelerate into psycho mode telling him that can't take the fact that when I am sick he will do nothing for me but the rest of the time do everything for him. I am not rational at this moment because i f I was, I would realize that am wasting my breath. The more he acts like he doesn't care that look like a lunatic, waving my arms and distorting my face into something scary, the more I realize it is hopeless and start to cry.He went back to his room to brood and I go feeling more exhausted and with a pounding headache go back to my heating pad and ice pack and fume. Second time was five minutes with an intensity of 2 Sunday 11/16 wage out for breakfast at Waffle House before going to church. There are no expectations on Sunday, except for him to accompany me to breakfast and church, which he does willingly without incident. He is always good on Sundays, which makes me believe he knows what he is doing. We come home, read the paper, and have a nice meal around 3:00, he goes in his room and I either go visiting or have visitors and the day is quiet. It's amazing.Monday†¦.. 11/17 7:30-7:52 a. M. Starting my week off, come downstairs only to find all the lunch meat out on the cou nter, the mayonnaise left open and out on the counter with several dishes, crumbs everywhere and the coffee machine was left on all night. From the kitchen I yell, â€Å"Michael, get in here now! † No response from him. I yell again, â€Å"Michael get up and get in here right now! † He yells back, â€Å"What did I do now? Can't you just leave me the alone? ‘ To which really start screaming, â€Å"Can't I just have one day, just one (forgetting that I had yesterday), what the heck is wrong with you, are you trying to drive me crazy? I start putting stuff away and throwing stuff away, deliberately making as much noise as possible because am now waist deep in a tantrum. Am throwing my hands up scream at how stupid he is and that he doesn't care about money or how hard I work, that he just is passive aggressive because he is sick and has no one else to take it out on. I could actually record these tantrums and just hit play because the words are always the same wh en am at a level (intensity) 3. He starts telling me to â€Å"go myself and in turn become louder and more insulting myself.The only reason this tantrum ends is because I have to get ready for work and want to get out of the house and away from him as quick as possible. Still, I managed to rant for twenty-two minutes before finally crying and breaking down. Intensity-3, Minutes 22 Tuesday 11/18 Everything was quiet today. Michael got up and we both apologized to each other about last night. After a really bad tantrum both of us realize that things have gotten out of intro and both of us try harder to get along. Zero tantrums today.

2012 Olympics Article Analyses Essay

Picture, title and sub-title: The headline is reversed-out of a colour picture of villagers apparently transporting straw bales in preparation for the eccentric â€Å"Olimpick† games celebrated in the Cotswold village of Chipping Campden. The use of the term â€Å"Olimpicks† would appear to be a deliberate archaisms – as it seems highly unlikely the Cotswold games were actually ever thus known. The strap byline attributes the story to a Mail staff reporter: â€Å"John Carter visits the village with its own eccentric games†. Fact & Opinion: It is a fact that the second paragraph points to the origins of the Cotswold games in the early 17th Century – thus anticipating â€Å"Baron de Coubertin’s Olympic revival by 284 years†. Allegedly, the Cotswold games were started as a Whitsun celebration in 1612 by Robert Dover. The games consisted of quirky rustic pursuits like cock-fighting, coursing and shin-kicking! See more:  Capital budgeting essay These two-day games ran annually for â€Å"250 years† before they were abandoned â€Å"owing to the disorderly mobs which used to attend. The Cotswold games were revived in â€Å"1951 for the Festival of Britain† and continue to this day. The Cotswold Olimpicks are staged at Dover’s Hill in the parish of Weston Sub Edge – close to Chipping Campden. Dover’s Hill is described as a natural amphitheatre. Analysing words and phrases: The writer makes deliberate use of the phrase â€Å"on tenterhooks† to evoke the anxiety of the London bid team, headed by Lord Sebastian Coe – suggesting the term actually originated in the same Cotswold area. The idiom â€Å"on tenterhooks† is thus taken to mean anxious, uneasy – like the fabric stretched taut. Presumably, the reader is supposed to contrast the rustic, charming simplicity and eccentricity of the Cotswold games with the immensely slick corporate Olympic bidding venture. The description of the shin-kicking competition is described as taking place on the first Friday after Whitsuntide – where a participant wearing hobnailed boots kicks the straw-padded shins of his opposition – in a demonstration sport. The writer makes a final contrast in the final paragraph – suggesting hat â€Å"unlike the modern international Games† the Cotswold Olimpicks have never been subject to bribery and corruption. This possibly hints at the Daily Mail’s editorial stance; which was then sniffily agnostic towards the London bid on the grounds that the choice of host city was believed to be a corrupt, nepotistic and hugely expensive process. Nevertheless, the writer then concludes with a humorous aside that a farmer once had to be bribed with a bottle of whisky to remove his sheep from the Cotswold arena! Overall, this feature article shows an affectionate longing for the quirky, amateuristic eccentricity of English rural life and gently contrasts it with the glossy, expensive corporate bidding that comprises the modern Olympic bidding process. The language is largely complex, anachronistic and sprinkled with archaic terms and historical reference. The writer assumes a fair degree of prior knowledge – of Pierre de Coubertin, King James’ puritanical instincts etc. The sentences are flowery, long and elaborate – perhaps suggesting a Mail-like hankering for times past!

Information Technology Application in Marketing Homework Essay

Information Technology Application in Marketing Homework - Essay Example There are several reasons that underpin Facebook Popularity, and a possible continued lead in the social media platform. Some of them discussed below. First, the product creator understands the value of customers and the need to be at par with their changing needs and preference. Although Facebook is a unique product that may not need much attention, it requires persistent value addition to make it lively and relevant to the existing and new users. This continually led to invention and creativity of the highest degree to keep consumers at the edge, yearning for more each day. Facebook, continue to redesign their user interface to bring a whole and fresh experience to various users who desire for a more fulfilling service even with their phones, which might lack high specification. The user interface is unrivalled. The support department, working around the clock, and takes subscribers suggestion seriously creates a true sense of belonging that any product creator will need with his customers. Evident in this light of the argument is the recent change in the Facebook user interface after many subscribers demanded for a change. Such trends also happed in the past, which have conceived the present face of the network. According to Luten (146), customer value is the epic of marketing, and a key determinant of market position and leadership. Security issues serve a major boost to Facebook compared to MySpace. Looking at individual user profiles, most people give true data and more information that is sensitive. Aware of this possible loophole that might explain the increase plummeting of MySpace popularity among users, Facebook majors on connecting people who at least know each other. People feel safe connecting with people they know as opposed to strangers. In 2008, the reality found its way down to many users who viewed the need to be secure online. This was a period of escalating cybercrimes, and users demanded a safe and

Compare and contrast Confucius and Zhuangzi Essay

Compare and contrast Confucius and Zhuangzi - Essay Example The Confucian school of thought in the 5th century B.C. laid the groundwork for the codification and compression of the various strands of Chinese thought into a coherent and accessible whole. Confucius also paved the way for the proper codification of the culture prevalent during his time. The Ethics taught by Confucius is considered by many as a kind of virtue ethics, where the behavior of people are procured by witnessing living examples instead of just following rules that teach behavior. Confucius was born in 521 B.C. into an aristocratic family of a lower order of impoverished knights. He lived during the second half of the Zhou dynasty (1027-256 B.C.) a period of constant civil strife, when feudalism had broken down, and there was a breakdown of government machinery and moral standards had become lax. Confucius was determined to remedy the situation and believed that the only way of doing it, was to go back to the days of antiquity and follow the principles and precepts set out by the wise men of the time. Armed with this determination and backed by the knowledge of the wise of yore, Confucius set up a school. Confucius’ philosophy was centered on humanism and he stressed upon the free will of individuals. Zhuangzhi, also known as Chuang Tzu, is another great Chinese thinker whose writing has a more philosophical tone, albeit it also stresses on what Confucius taught. Both thinkers laid great emphasis on the idea of Dao and De. Dao is the monistic theory that is responsible for the spontaneity that is found in all phenomena, while De or the â€Å"Inner Power† is the manifestation of these phenomena. It is the inherent power in an individual that can be built by practice and lead to a better life. As humans engage in cultivating their inner selves, it creates a ripple effect, and soon the results of the enlightened human are felt by the social and political system. Thomas Berry says

Potential Opportunity for Samsung to Market in China and Vietnam Case Study

Potential Opportunity for Samsung to Market in China and Vietnam - Case Study Example In the current environment of highly competitive global business, it now needs to explore and analyze market potential for its tablet in China and Egypt. Criteria for assessing potential opportunities for Samsung Tablets in China and Egypt Sn. Factors for assessment China Egypt 1. Population/popn growth 1338 mn/nil 81 mn/1.8% 2. GDP per capita $7599 $6180 3. Poverty (%) 36.3 18.5 4. UN education index 0.623 0.560 5. Contribution of private enterprises to GDP More than 50% na 6. PDI (personal disposable income in urban area $2515 na 7. Inflation (1-7 taken from BTI, 2012) 3.3 11.3 7. Credit rating (S&P) (S&P, 2013) AA- CCC+ 8. Country risk factors Political Technological Economic Social low low low high high low low high 9. e-Business readiness yes yes 10. Business forecast for 3 years (growth rate) 2012 2013 2014 7.8 8.0 8.2 (IMF, 2013) 113.13 126.29 138.48 (HSBC, 2012) China China’s economic reforms since 1978 have opened the market for overseas business and created viable en vironment for FDI and multinationals. It has shown incredible advancement in economy to become second largest in the world in 2010, surpassing Japan and biggest exporting country in 2009 (bti, 2013). At the same time, the stimulus package of $586 billion has challenged its dependence on fixed asset and new credit of about $ 2.5 trillion in 2009-2010 could lead to inflationary trend. Though there is wide income disparity with GINI index at 0.475 and urban-rural gap widening from 2.79:1 in 2000 to 3.3:1 in 2009, per capita disposable income in urban areas being $2515 as against $755 in rural areas. South Korea is one of the most important trading partners of China with good bilateral relations. FDI at $ 105.7 billion in 2010 encouraging, especially when private enterprises contribute more than 50% of the GDP and create more than 80% of new jobs. It has relatively high disposable income which makes it attractive for overseas business, especially, tablets which have huge demand with 41% rise in its demand (Stanley Morgan report, 2011). Egypt The country is continually in a state of high political instability but surprisingly it has not affected its economic development and structural improvement. The economic reforms introduced during 2004 by the Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif have continued with focused approach. The economic reforms and liberalization has not addressed the problems of literacy and unemployment which has considerably increased poverty and income disparity across the population. 40% of 83 million population comprising of nearly 20 million people are between 18 and 29 years, most of whom are vulnerable to poverty due to lack of education and unemployment. With high inflation rate of nearly 12% and relatively low GDP growth of 5%, the most populous country of Middle East has shown negative growth in both its export and import trade (BTI, 2012). Despite market liberalization, lack of nepotism and law enforcement has adversely impacted growth of domestic and foreign businesses. There is also rampant gender discrimination and human development index has continually shown down trend. It lacks political commitment and institutional capacity to address the problem of growing illiteracy and unemployment. Recommendation for China China has stable socio-political environment with high growth in GDP which has also made it attractive for overseas business. With increasing disposable income

Financial crisis impacts on progress of employees Essay - 2

Financial crisis impacts on progress of employees - Essay Example Several financial crisis will be delineated while considering factors that lead to the crisis and show the possible impacts on employee. In this case, the research problem will be outlined as follows; in the recent past, there has been heated debate on the effects of financial crisis on the progress of employees, with some scholars arguing that the progress of employees is not affected by the financial crisis while others argues that the financial crisis has a negative impact on the progress. Therefore, there is a need for research to be conducted so as to establish the impacts of progress of employees. In this section, the need for the study will be justified as follows; many financial crisis has occurred having the same impacts on the progress of employees. Therefore, this study will be significant to the policy makers in designing ways to mitigate the impacts also outline areas of further research. In this section, both theoretical literature and empirical literature will be reviewed. Theoretical literature will consider theories of crises like the Marx’s crisis theory, Minky’s theory and other theories. In the empirical literature, we will discuss the various researches done by various scholars. In addition, we will give an overview of the literature showing the gap between the existing literatures. In the study, the null hypothesis will be that financial crisis has an impact on the progress of employees. While the alternative hypothesis; financial impact does not have any impact on the progress of employees. In order to evaluate the progress of employee’s, surveys on both managers and employees will be conducted so as to get information on the impact of financial crisis on employees. In addition, extensive study will be conducted in order to unearth the possible reasons for the impacts. Under this section, the results collected will be analyzed and the

A3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A3 - Assignment Example The project managers are highly experienced in building and construction as the project highly involves much of construction. The internal workers are also critical in coordinating the construction. Most of the internal workers are highly experienced in finance management and their input to the projects is critical due to financial reasons. Planning consultants, Architect, surveyors are very critical as the project is certainly a sensitive one. Without the approval of the surveyors, the project can barely move on since road construction involves many designs, which can only be carried out, by a surveyor and Architect (Sears & Sears, 2010). The project success will depend on how well the stakeholders will communicate. A good communication plan will ensure that every stakeholder is actively involved in the road construction project. The success of the project is a matter of effective communication. In the course of the road construction project, communication is done in various ways. The most form of communication includes written, oral and non-verbal communication. Table 1 represents different tasks that will be carried out by the projects and the responsible stakeholders. The architect undertakes the planning task. As noted in Table 1, the architect is required to plan for the project in four days. The success of the project depends on how professional the manager regards time management. In some cases, the participant may lack enthusiasm as they continue with the project. In such a situation, it is the responsibility of the project manager to ensure that the project does not derail due to time management problems. This can be done by assigning durations to the WBS. As indicated in Table 1, the projects there are various items that are involved in the projects. Nevertheless, during the project, it is important to pay attention to some of the items. Time management is one of the most

The situation in Sonoco, a consumer packaging company reflected inept Essay

The situation in Sonoco, a consumer packaging company reflected inept human resource management activities - Essay Example This essay explores the situation in Sonoco, a consumer packaging company reflected inept human resource management activities. The ineptness of the human resource management activities owes to its mismatching with the operational activities of the company. Sonoco as a consumer packaging company was found to gain a high amount of growth rate both in terms of market and financial value. The situation of the company turned grave after the period of 1990s when national crisis like decline in export volume or financial crisis in the Asian market made its sales to decline by around 6 percent during the period 1995 to 1999. This decline in sales volume from $2.7 to $2.5 billion resulted in the company revising its operational structure to reduce the amount of expenditure. Thus the operational strategy devised by the company management was required to focus upon generation of increased sales volume while effectively managing the cost structure of the concern to evade undue rise of expenditu re. Sonoco in the previous periods acquired huge amount of growth by acting on strategies like acquisitions where it is recorded that in the period pertaining to 1990s around 60 companies were acquired on a global basis. Large consumer product companies like Nestle, Gillette, Kraft and Procter and Gamble belonged to the consumer profile of Sonoco. The company also worked in the development and rendering of growth opportunities of the employees of the company. This helped in the development of team work in the company.... This concealment of the underperformers in the company is considered to be one of the important factors that triggered the decline of business for the company after the 1990 period. Diagnosis of the Problems The problem being identified in the above segment this part calls for a steady diagnosis of the same. The diagnosis or analysis of the problems can be made based on the analysis based by Cindy Hartley, the newly appointed Vice President of Human Resources operations. It was noted by Cindy that the existing human resources management practices of the company were set on a very decentralised and traditional note. This decentralisation of human resources functioning in the company failed to effectively address the needs of the concern pertaining to the different departments. Further the role played by the human resources managers pertaining to different departments were found to operate based on a tactical note and thus failed to render any type of strategic decisions. These human r esources managers cooperated largely with the general managers pertaining to the different divisions by means of direct reporting activities. However in that responding to the calls of the corporate manager pertaining to the human resources department the same is reflected to be conducted in an indirect fashion. Human resources functioning in the company were considered as back end process with no such relation to the operational activities. Thereby no such planning was made to enhance the potential of the human resources working in the concern. Again in regards to the corporate manager of human resources in the concern it was found that the manager

Company law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Company law - Essay Example It implies that if somebody starts a business as a limited liability company, the company is regarded as a legal entity with a separate legal personality, which signifies that a company is different from its owners, employees along with shareholders. This in turn assures the advantages of ‘corporate veil’ to the company, wherein the owners, employees and shareholders are directly charged with the damage claims or tort claims caused due to their misconduct or irresponsible conduct with the name of the company. The Salomon principle in this regard emphasises that a company only provides grounds for individuals to act in its behalf and thus, charges in lieu of the tort laws should be treated in a way that makes the decision makers directly, personally and professionally liable for the damages1. In this regard, it has often been argued and has subsequently been under stern arguments that the tort creditors of a subsidiary company holding limited liability shall be deemed as ineligible to obtain the benefits from Salomon principle. It is worth mentioning in this context that because tort creditors are also recognised as involuntary creditors and fall into the classification of unsecured stakeholders2. The case rule in Adams v Cape Industries plc plays an influential role in this context wherein it affirms that employees of subsidiary companies, as involuntary creditors and also as tort creditors should be considered as eligible to demand damage compensations from the parent company. In is in this context that the application of Salomon principle is regarded as unjust in respect to the tort creditors where the parent company bears a rational degree of ‘duty of care’ to protect the interests of its subsidiary tort creditors3. Emphasising this particular issue, the discussion henceforth intends to discuss about the applicability of Salomon principle in the company law. Moreover, the discussion will also emphasize on the various aspects on the basis of which Salomon principle is regarded to be unfair for tort creditors of a subsidiary company. Solomon Principle and Tort Creditors of a Subsidiary Company As mentioned above, the Salomon principle has been developed from the case ‘Salomon v Salomon & Co, Ltd’. The Salomon principle implies that corporate decision makers should be legally entitled to compensate the damages suffered by the stakeholders of the business due to their misconducts or ignorance to ‘duty of care’, as per the relevant tort law. These companies are regarded as private and should be registered under the Companies Act 1862. In this regard, a registered company is determined to possess a separate legal entity as per the Salomon principle, which differentiates the statue of such a company from its shareholders, employees and other individuals associated with it. In this context, a company incorporated under the Companies Act 1862 is treated as an independent individual possessing its own respective rights along with liabilities that are different from the rights and liabilities owned by its decision makers, which further justifies the application of corporate veil in segregating the liabilities of individuals from that of the company as separate entities. There are various instances where the principle of

Large Corporations Essay Example for Free

Large Corporations Essay Large corporations such as Wal-Mart or Home Depot often come under criticism for putting mom-and-pop shops out of business. While this may be a valid criticism, the consumers neglect to realize that they play the biggest part in shutting these businesses down. Consumers across the country are always looking for the best deals or the lowest prices, and in most cases the larger corporations are where products can be found at the lowest price. Many small business owners and the populations of small towns dislike large corporations moving into the area because they believe it negatively effects the local economy. In reality, we should embrace large corporations moving into our communities because they boost the local economy, they lower prices on products we use every day, and they create hundreds of jobs. Some believe that large corporations harm the local economy. While this is true in some cases, studies have shown that placing a Wal-Mart in an area actually increased sales for businesses in or around the area. In a study conducted in 2002 by Jim Simmons, a retired University of Toronto geography professor, the professor states: â€Å"We tried to see if there was a substantial sales decline in the nearby areas, but it was difficult to find,† said Mr. Simmons. â€Å"We couldnt find any situation where people lost sales or went out of business.† (Shaw, H. 2002). This is just one of the many findings from the study. In an effort to further boost the local economies of the areas new Wal-marts are opened in, Wal-Mart has implemented a Locally Grown program that has been enacted since 2008. Pam Kohn, who is a senior vice president and general grocery merchandise manager, had this to say about the program. At Walmart we are committed to increasing our locally grown offerings and the number of local small farms we work with. Through this program we are able to cut shipping costs and decrease food miles, but most importantly we are offering our customers an opportunity to support their local farmers without worrying about the impact on their wallets. (Economics Week, 2008) This means that not only are they benefitting the stores around the area, but also the farmers in the area as well. This leads to a stronger local economy, and ultimately a thriving community. Stores like Wal-Mart are famous for keeping their prices so low. This is one reason why they are able to maintain a grip on the consumers of an area. They accomplish this by keeping the cost to produce and transport the goods low. In January, a study by the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corp. found that, â€Å"an individual family could save $589 a year on groceries by shopping at a supercenter. Overall, shoppers could save $3.76 billion in merchandise nationwide.† (Blazier, A, 2004) A major reason they can keep prices lower than mom-and-pop run businesses is their ability to buy merchandise in bulk. Buying in bulk works the same way it does for a consumer. The more of a product that is purchased, the less the cost is per unit. Consumers see this every day when they go to stores like Sam’s Club or Costco. When they buy their merchandise in bulk, they are able to offer it to the consumer at a lower price. (Kale, 2011) This is what could eventually drive the mom-and-pop owned businesses out of the area, and draw a negative criticism from the public. The interesting thing about this criticism is that the public complains about Wal-Mart driving these smaller businesses out, yet continue to shop at the Wal-Mart to save money. It would seem as though all that would be needed to be done would be to stop shopping at Wal-Mart and start shopping at the locally owned businesses. On the topic of jobs, there is a general increase in the availability of jobs after a large corporation moves in. Going back to the Wal-Mart example, a study was conducted to show how Wal-Mart affected job creation. In a study conducted by University of Missouri-Columbia professor Emek Basker, Wal-Mart creates a net value of 50 jobs more than it â€Å"destroys.† In her study, she presents these findings: â€Å"I find that immediately after entry, retail employment in the county increases by approximately 100 jobs; this figure declines by half over the next five years as some small and medium-sized retail establishments close. Wholesale employment declines by approximately 20 jobs over five years. Restaurant employment increases slightly; there is no change in employment in manufacturing or in automobile dealerships and service stations.† (Basker, 2005) In addition to the new jobs that are created, most Wal-Mart employees can enroll in health benefit programs, whether part time or full time workers. This means that smaller communities where health insurance options may have been limited will now have jobs where health insurance is a benefit. Also the low income families who can not afford pricey health insurance have the opportunity to receive benefits. Another benefit of having a Wal-Mart move into a community is the money it brings into the area. As with all businesses, large corporations have to pay taxes that go to local governments in the area they operate. In a bi-monthly publishing by the Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics, Mitch Renkow writes, â€Å"Wal-Mart generates substantial sales tax and property tax revenues for the county in which it locates. This could potentially be of great benefit to the fiscal well-being of the local government in the town or county where the Wal-Mart is located.† (Renkow, 2005) This means that there is more money being generated for local spending, With all of the business that Wal-Mart can do, that is that much more money for the local area, much more than any mom-and-pop shops could provide. We should embrace bigger corporations moving into the area because it ultimately creates a stronger local economy. These corporations bring in products from around the world to communities that would have never gotten a chance to purchase them. They also keep the prices low so that low income families can afford them. Through job creation, slashing prices, and the attention to the area that comes with a big store such as Wal-Mart, it can be said that local economies benefit from these new stores opening in the area. WORKS CITED: Shaw, H. (2002). Wal-mart boosts local economies: Study: Finding shows retail behemoth benefits neighbouring stores. National Post. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/329926525?accountid=32521 Sailee, Kale (2011) How Does Walmart Keep Its Prices So Low? Retrieved from: http://www.business-online-news.com/how-does-walmart-keep-its-prices-so-low.html Blazier, A. (2004, Apr 15). Study concludes Wal-Mart creates more jobs than Retail chain chases away. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/464131659?accountid=32521 Matthews, C. (2012, 07). Ten Ways Wal-Mart Changed the World. Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/07/02/ten-ways-walmart-changed-the-world/#ixzz2IYS1yFFm Renkow, M. (2005). N.C. State Economist. Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics. retrieved from: www.ag-econ.ncsu.edu/VIRTUAL_LIBRARY/ECONOMIST/novdec05.pdf Basker, Emek, (2005) Job Creation or Destruction? Labor-Market Effects of Wal-Mart Expansion. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 87, No. 1, February 2005. retrieved from SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=371102 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.371102

The Reduction Of The Carbon Emissions

The Reduction Of The Carbon Emissions As we know that most of the least-developed countries (LDC) or called developing countries are in the areas with harsh natural conditions. To some extent, poor natural resources limit those countries developments. It is different from the least-developed countries that the developed countries have favorable geographical and environmental advantages. They have emitted greenhouse gases for over 200years without any limitations. The average global temperature during the 1980s exceeded that of any other decade since reliable temperature recording began a century ago, and 1990 was the warmest year on record (Hansen, 1991). The consensus among climate scientists on the threshold marker for dangerous climate change that consensus identifies 2 °C (3.6 °F) as a reasonable upper-bound (UNDP, 2008). The issues above explain the global warming problem is becoming more serious and threat human survival in the 21st century. And the first measurement to decline the global warming is reducing th e emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, we have placed a challenge in front of the least-developed countries. How do they balance development and reduction of carbon emission is a big problem. Therefore, I think the reduction of carbon emission is the most serious obstacle to development faced by most least-developed countries in the 21st century. In this paper, I discuss this problem from two sides: one is the internal causes of large carbon emission, and the other is the conflicts with developed countries on reducing of carbon emission. The global warming seems like a collective problem which faced by all the people in the world. However, for different interests both of the developed country and least-developed country are not willing to reduce their carbon emission. Although both of the two camps face the same problem, they still have some conflicts are inner of them. Because, limiting the emission of greenhouse gases will constraint the development of a country in some degrees. At the meanwhile, the reduction emission of greenhouse gases has been becoming a hot potato. In the least-developed countries, if agricultural productivity were drastically reduced by climate change, the cost of living would rise by one or two percent, and at a time when per capita income will likely have doubled. In developing countries, in contrast, as much as a third of GNP and half the population currently depends on agriculture. They may still be vulnerable to climate change for many years to come (Schelling, 1997). However, agriculture contributes only a small percentage-three percent in the United States-of national income. But agriculture is practically the only sector of the economy affected by climate (Schelling, 1997). So the developing countries will concern more about the effects of climate change on agriculture, if the developed countries have large emission of greenhouse gases which makes the climate becoming worse and worse. Another problem for the least-developed countries is the great amount of population. The large population will have more consumption of carbon productions. In other words, larger population will cause more emission of greenhouse gases. For such amount of population, the developing countries will make a big expense on the improvement of climate. So where the money comes from is a problem. Furthermore, a large population will cause poverty which will cause greater waste of resources and larger emission of greenhouse gases. For the developed countries, the problems are more complex. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution the concentration of CO2, the principal greenhouse gas affected by mans actions, has risen by 25 percent (Bongaarts, 1992). The developed countries have very high level of industrialization which means they have very big emission of greenhouse gases. Bongaarts article gives the evidence that in 1985 per capita CO2 emission from the developed world was more than five times higher than in the developing world. It seems the developed countries have fewer problems be faced than the developing countries, because the developed countries have basically eradicated poverty in their countries. However, it is not all the case, because the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) asks the contracting countries to fulfill their obligations. And the obligations of the developed countries are delivering the fund assistances to the developing countries. But few of the de veloped countries will to give fund assistance to the developing countries, because it would affect those countries GDP in a certain extent. Therefore, the least-developed countries will become much harder on reducing the carbon emission without any assistance from the developed countries. Also the least-developed countries are lost in the transfer of carbon emissions from the developed countries. For example, the vast majority of the worlds MP3 players are made in China, where the main power source is coal. Manufacturing a single MP3 player releases about 17 pounds of planet-warming carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon leakage ¼Ã…’this is the idea that countries can reduce their own emissions by sending dirty industries abroad. The same countries may still import the finished goods from the developing world, creating a situation in which global carbon emissions rise, even as individual nations meet their targets (Spencer, 2007). For the least-developed countries, on the surface, their GDP has increased, but actually their environment was damaged permanently. So here both of the least-developed countries and developed countries are turning the core to the agreement which can deal the conflicts of greenhouse gases emission, funds, and distribute the responsibilities. The suggested measurement given by Ban Ki-moon, the Secretary-General of the United Nations says the world urgently needs to step up action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Industrialized countries need to make deeper emission reductions. There needs to be further engagement of developing countries, as well as incentives for them to limit their emissions while safeguarding economic growth and efforts to eradicate poverty.(UNDP, 2007) Although Bans words give the suggested solutions to the global warming, he doesnt give precise standards for the developed countries. Either, this is the bargaining topic in Copenhagen Climate Talks. China, India and other developing countries are currently exempted from the Kyoto Protocol, because they did not have large-scale emissions of greenhouse gases in the industrialization which caused by the current global climate change. However, some critics argued that China, India, and other large developing countries will soon become the large-scale greenhouse gas emissions countries. Also, if the Kyoto Protocol doesnt limit these countries who are outside the treaty now, it cannot achieve greenhouse gas reductions, and even accelerate the warming because it is possible that developed countries will move their carbon-intensive industries outside to the developing countries. For example the developed country invested in a developing country, and builds their carbon-intensive economy in the developing country which equals the developed country transfers their carbon emissions to the developing country. Although the treaty allows the developed countries can buy the carbon emissions fr om the developing countries, the developed countries prefer to investment because the costs of labor are cheaper and the environment of their countries wont be polluted. But for the developing countries, these kind of investments most likely harms to their development in the long-run. As conclusion, although it is difficult to find a balance between reduction of carbon emission and development for the least-developed countries, but the sustainable development is a long-run plan for every country. In the short run, the investment on the improvement of technology to reduce carbon emission will be paid in the future. And either developed countries or developing countries should strengthen international cooperation because we have a same target, and I hope the farce of Copenhagen wont repeat itself in the future.