E-Hr in PG - 3287 Words

Introduction to Procter Gamble Procter Gamble (PG) is a multinational corporation that provides consumer products in the areas of pharmaceuticals, cleaning supplies, personal care, and pet supplies. The global consumer goods company was started by William Procter, an English candle maker James Gamble, an Irish soap maker in 1837, and has been well established since then, ranking fifth place of the Worlds Most Admired Companies† by Fortune Magazine . PG constantly strives to provide branded products and services of superior quality and value that improves the lives of the world’s consumers , where PG’s brands serve 4.4 billion people in more than 180 countries. A High Performing Organization Being a multinational†¦show more content†¦There was an average of 16,000 individuals among PG’s employees that made used of its online training each month. Such success leads PG to expect an online training growth in the near future. To support such anticipation, PG planned to improve its learning management system in terms of its availabili-ty, tracking, learning process governance and application support . As a result, PG decided to assign Accenture in developing its learning management system for 6 years. Prior to the transformation, PG had over 200 training administrators that provided decentra-lized Tier 1 support, with multiple vendors providing support on more serious application issues on Tier 2 and Tier 3 . Over a period of 3 months, all support services from Tier 1 to Tier 3 had been successfully migrated to Accenture to meet several objectives such as creating a consis-tent development on its application system, having a reliable learning system with high availa-bility, as well as improving the control of its learning process . To meet the increasing demand that PG was expecting, it moved its Saba-based RapidLEARN to a clustered environment. Today, PG had a reliable LMS which was scalable to meet the increasing need of web-based training across the globe. More than 90,000 of PG’s employees now have access to the system. Today †¢ Online system To enable all its employees be updated with the most up-to-date trainings, all of PG’s em-ployees have access to aShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Terms Are As An Example Of A Job And The Type Of Person Who Should Be Hired Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pages Structured interviews- interviews that have predetermined questions assigned before the interview. e. Assessment Centers- a simulation in which candidates are asked to perform different tasks in a hypothetical situation and are scored according to their performance. f. Personality tests- tests that measure basic aspects of a person’s personality such as introversion, stability, and motivation. g. Performance simulation tests- tests that measure an applicant by simulating physically demanding workRead MorePreparation of 1-Phenyl-3-Phenylaminopyrrolidine-2,5-Dione an Organic Laboratory Experiment on the Michael Addition1009 Words   |  5 Pages985 E xperimental The IR and NMR spectra were recorded on Nicolet 5DX IR and 100 MHz JEOL JNM-FX100 NMR F T spectrometers, respectively. Method A 1 M oleanilie a cid 1. Finely powdered maleic anhydride (3 g, 30 . mmol) and aniline (3 g, 32 mmol) are stirred in glacial acetic acid (15 mL) for 30 min a t room temperature. The solid thus obtained is filtered under suction, washed with a little ethanol, and dried. Students average yield of the product, m.p.192-197 C, is 5.2 g (90%). Read MoreEthanol and Overall Material Balance1076 Words   |  5 Pages(A) is extracted from a mixture of acetic acid and water (B) into 1-hexanol (C), a liquid immiscible with water. R xA = 0.005 xB = 0.995 F, 400 g/min zA = 0.115 zB = 0.885 S pureC E yA = 0.096 yC = 0.904 Figure 1 Calculate E, R, and S based on the given mixture feed rate F. Given: Figure 1 Required: E, R, S Solution: Basis: 400 g/min F Tie component in F and R: water (B) Component Material Balance for acetic acid (A): → Overall Material Balance: → 3.Read MoreHuman Resource Structure807 Words   |  3 PagesResource structure is administrative and common to all organizations, especially to the big company like Tianyang Food, a food production company in China. HR department act as the support for the organization in the likes of law, compensation, benefit, safety and health of the employees and the organization. However, the improper management from the HR structure can put the organization in a very difficult situation. 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Indianapolis Intervention For Perpetrators Of Sexual Abuse

Indianapolis Intervention For Perpetrators of Sexual Abuse Kaelin Dugan IUPUI Introduction Sexual Abuse Over the years, sexual abuse has been defined and regulated across the United States. Laws and protections have been enforced to protect children from sexual perpetrators. These laws are extremely strict in the United States, but this may not be the case around the world. Although persecution of perpetrators remains a common solution, there are other interventions used to rehabilitate and prevent future acts of sexual abuse. There are interventions and services available to perpetrators in Indianapolis, Indiana. Child abuse in the United States can be defined as â€Å"the engaging of child in sexual acts that the child does not understand, to which the child cannot give informed consent or which violate the social taboos of society (Hertherton Beardsall, 1988).† Based on the understanding of the child sexual abuse, perpetrators of sexual abuse will be referred to as perpetrators and victims of sexual abuse will be referred to as victims. Child sexual abuse occurs in a variety of ways. While women are capable of sexually abusing children, research suggests that men are more likely to abuse (Crosson-Tower, 2014). Because society tends to overlook female perpetrators, these numbers may change in the future. Depending on whether the abuse is intrafamilial are extrafamilial, perpetrators have access to children in different ways.Show MoreRelatedSexual Violence Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesWell are they? The answer is no, they are not doing enough to prevent sexual assault and harassment. According to an article written by Angela Brauer and published by Indianapolis’ CBS 4, just in Indianapolis Public Schools last year as of 2016 the schools recorded 1,760 such allegations and within only three months into the 2017 - 2018 school year there was more than 190 claims (Brauer). This straight out of the gate makes someone wonder how can a number be so high if schools are allegedly takingRead More Exploring Girls Participation in Vio lence Essay3609 Words   |  15 Pagesdifferences in biology and socialization explain differences in the crime rate. Boys become aggressive and independent while girls become passive, dependent, and conventional (Artz, 1998). The increase in female violence was attributed to the perpetrators renunciation of femininity and the adoption of masculine characteristics and values. The womens movement, which fostered female assertiveness and was said to encourage young women to adopt certain male behaviors (drinking, stealing, and fighting)Read MoreRepressed Memories5487 Words   |  22 Pagesinternal beliefs. These inauthentic memories could be externally derived as a result of unintentional implantation of suggestion by a therapist. Advocates of repression used clinical cases indicating that child abuse victims may become amnesic of their trauma and that therapeutic interventions may generate a genuine recollection of their repressed trauma (Brenneis, 2000; Cheit, 1998; Kluft, 1995; Martinez-Taboas, 1996). Critics, however, discredit the scientific value of this evidence, claiming thatRead MoreOrganisa tional Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesa conscious fashion, that are borne out by being able to accomplish that activity. Often it is only when we become aware that our expectations, that are grounded in such tacit or taken-forgranted knowledge, have not been met (perhaps due to the intervention of some capricious circumstances) that we begin consciously to re-evaluate the webs of causal relationships that have previously been used to orientate our action. Out of this re-evaluation we begin to generate a new theory to account for the previously

Down And Out Essay Research Paper Down free essay sample

Down And Out Essay, Research Paper Down and Out # 8220 ; What you say we go down shore and see what the storm brung in? # 8221 ; says Richard. # 8220 ; Ya, stake we get ourselves some fresh lobster out some ole # 8217 ; trap we find washed up! # 8221 ; exclaims Chester. # 8220 ; Martha, acquire us our coats while we find dem darn boots! # 8221 ; says Richard. The two work forces get their boots, grab their jackets and caput for the beach. They two work forces walk for about an until a glistening object catches the corner of Chesters oculus. # 8220 ; Hey Rich, I think I see something over at that place, Lashkar-e-Taibas go look into it out, # 8221 ; says Chester. They work forces walk to the border of the grass where they find the glimmer objects. They notice that there are more than one, but about 15. They all have the same features, they are all in the form of bottles but they can # 8217 ; t see in them. We will write a custom essay sample on Down And Out Essay Research Paper Down or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is a name written on the outside but the salt in the H2O must hold washed most of it off. They throw all the bottles in a refuse bag and decide to head place. From what they could see no traps had washed up, and their legs were acquiring tired. They walk the hr trip back to Richards house where they take off their attire and empty the bags. # 8220 ; What you suppose are in these? # 8221 ; asks Chester. # 8220 ; I don # 8217 ; t cognize but every bit shortly as we wash them a spot and unfastened mutton quad # 8217 ; up we should happen out # 8221 ; answers Richard. Chester fills an old fish box with H2O to rinse the bottles. They clean the bottles them take them out and dry them. Martha hands Richard a bottle screw and coatings doing supper. Richards grabs the first bottle and pops out the cork. He pulls out what seems to be a missive written by manus. Sing the conditions of the bottles the letters are still white, except for the contrasting black ink. He sets this missive to the side and opens up another bottle. He takes out another missive and sets it to the side. This procedure continues until all the bottles are empty and put to the side. # 8220 ; What do you do of these? # 8221 ; asks Richard. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m non certain what to do of them. I guess we will have to read them foremost, # 8221 ; repliesChester. The two work forces begin to read the letters. What they learn is amazing. As they read more they eyes unfastened wider and wider. Martha finally joins them and reads them out loud, get downing at the first. Day 1 Coordinates 43 # 8242 ; N 67 # 8242 ; W It is a nice twenty-four hours to get down our trip. It is cheery and about 27 # 8242 ; outside. The conditions study sounds good for the following few yearss. Everyone is happy that our trip has eventually started but sad to go forth friends behind. The air current is blowing good and we hope to sail at least 15km before dark. We haven # 8217 ; t had much clip to prove all the equipment on the boat but have no frights that it won # 8217 ; t map decently. Day 2 Coordinates 42 # 8242 ; N 69 # 8242 ; W We have managed to maintain a good velocity by following the Labrador current down the eastern seashore. The conditions is still first-class with a good zephyr today. Everyone managed to acquire some slumber on the boat last dark. We plan to halt in Boston to refuel within the following few yearss. Moral is still high with merely a few ailments about non being able to watch Television. Everything seems to be working good with the exclusion of my ticker that I dropped overboard. We caught some fish for breakfast which will assist us salvage on nutrient costs. WE hope the remainder of the trip will be every bit gratifying as the first two. Day 3 Coordinates 39 # 8242 ; N 70 # 8242 ; W We stopped in Boston merely long plenty to refuel and acquire a few bags of french friess to maintain the childs happy. The air current has picked up and the sky is dark. We expect a little storm tomorrow but observing to acquire worked up approximately. Swells are from 1 to 3 meters but cipher seems to mind. I managed to make some wind surfing while the adult females were shopping for nutrient. Day 4 Coordinates 35 # 8242 ; N 67 # 8242 ; W The air current has picked up rather a spot which enabled us to do up for the halt in Boston. Everyone is still happy and wants to go on. I am sort of iffy on the conditions conditions but have decided non to head for the nearest port. The conditions study is naming for a storm tomorrow but they don # 8217 ; t anticipate it to be a bad one ; allow # 8217 ; s hope they are right. Day 5 Coordinates 34 # 8242 ; N 66 # 8242 ; W The air current was a spot stronger than had planned last dark. We are about in the Gulf Stream but still a good 2 # 8242 ; off. The wireless does non look to be working right so we plan to head to the following port we had planned. We have adequate supplies to last us at least six yearss so we can take out clip and sit out the storm. The childs are a spot disquieted but we can manage it. We are merely a spot off class, but doing great clip due to the strong air currents. Day 8 Coordinates 39 # 8242 ; N 69 # 8242 ; W The storm hit difficult and put us of class. The GPS does non work so The co-ordinates are done by utilizing a map and compass so they may be a small off. The childs are scared but I feel everything will be back under control shortly. We are heading for a port anyplace on the eastern seashore of North America. The air currents are still strong and we can # 8217 ; t utilize the masts as one has ripped. We are utilizing the motors and half about a half a armored combat vehicle left. There is still sufficient nutrient left for 3 yearss so it looks like we can do it to shore. We don # 8217 ; Ts know what to anticipate because the wirelesss have failed us are we can # 8217 ; t repair them. I haven # 8217 ; t had clip to compose as I have been flop with the boat and others on the boat. Let # 8217 ; s hope for the best. Day 9 Coordinates 37 # 8242 ; N 72 # 8242 ; W The conditions has started to better but we are nowhere near shore. The co-ordinates are an appraisal based on air current velocity and way we were heading. Everyone is acquiring scared and we are rationing nutrient. I have managed to catch some fish so we can salvage other nutrient. The H2O shaper is working good so fresh H2O is non a job. If things Don # 8217 ; t acquire better shortly I fear that we may # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. Day 15 Coordinates NA I hoped for the best and got the worst. The air currents were highly strong and the crestless waves were anyplace from 10 to 20 meters. Everyone is scared and angry at each other. Morale has dropped drastically and I am get downing to lose hope. We hold a small nutrient left and with this conditions it is difficult to fish. I hardly have clip to compose any entries but feel that it is a necessity to enter what is go oning. We may be in the Bermuda trigon but have no thought of cognizing for certain. The H2O is warm, the conditions is warm, but for some ground the storm is no better, if non worse. Day 20 Coordinates NA I feel that we are someplace in the Bermuda Triangle. The storm has ended, and we have found an island. There is tonss of nutrient and clean H2O. I keep composing and have since thrown transcripts of several entries in the H2O, trusting that person finds them and deliver us. No 1 was hurt and no one is hungry. The conditions is nice and everyone is slightly happy that we are on land. We shall go on to populate on the island until person arrives. Equally far as we know there are no unsafe animate beings on the island. It is about the same size as Halifax, Nova Scotia. We find new things all the clip and everyone is kept happy. Many wrecks are on the shores of this island so we feel lucky that no 1 was hurt. There are tonss of bottles and paper, wood, guns, etc. that we have confiscated from the other ships. I shall go on to compose until I have run out of paper. Mr. Johnson # 8220 ; Well, we should give these to the constabulary, Don # 8217 ; T you believe? # 8221 ; says Richard. # 8220 ; Boys, expression at the paper, did you read it? # 8221 ; chortles Martha. # 8220 ; What, what does it state? # 8221 ; asks Chester. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; ll read it. Prisoners of Bermuda Triangle Saved After 2 Calendar months Of Being Stranded on Island. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Well what you know, this is orderly, I think we should Down and Out # 8220 ; What you say we go down shore and see what the storm brung in? # 8221 ; says Richard. # 8220 ; Ya, stake we get ourselves some fresh lobster out some ole # 8217 ; trap we find washed up! # 8221 ; exclaims Chester. # 8220 ; Martha, acquire us our coats while we find dem darn boots! # 8221 ; says Richard. The two work forces get their boots, grab their jackets and caput for the beach. They two work forces walk for about an until a glistening object catches the corner of Chesters oculus. # 8220 ; Hey Rich, I think I see something over at that place, Lashkar-e-Taibas go look into it out, # 8221 ; says Chester. They work forces walk to the border of the grass where they find the glimmer objects. They notice that there are more than one, but about 15. They all have the same features, they are all in the form of bottles but they can # 8217 ; t see in them. There is a name written on the outside but the salt in the H2O must hold washed most of it off. They throw all the bottles in a refuse bag and decide to head place. From what they could see no traps had washed up, and their legs were acquiring tired. They walk the hr trip back to Richards house where they take off their attire and empty the bags. # 8220 ; What you suppose are in these? # 8221 ; asks Chester. # 8220 ; I don # 8217 ; t cognize but every bit shortly as we wash them a spot and unfastened mutton quad # 8217 ; up we should happen out # 8221 ; answers Richard. Chester fills an old fish box with H2O to rinse the bottles. They clean the bottles them take them out and dry them. Martha hands Richard a bottle screw and coatings doing supper. Richards grabs the first bottle and pops out the cork. He pulls out what seems to be a missive written by manus. Sing the conditions of the bottles the letters are still white, except for the contrasting black ink. He sets this missive to the side and opens up another bottle. He takes out another missive and sets it to the side. This procedure continues until all the bottles are empty and put to the side. # 8220 ; What do you do of these? # 8221 ; asks Richard. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m non certain what to do of them. I guess we will have to read them foremost, # 8221 ; repliesChester. The two work forces begin to read the letters. What they learn is amazing. As they read more they eyes unfastened wider and wider. Martha finally joins them and reads them out loud, get downing at the first. Day 1 Coordinates 43 # 8242 ; N 67 # 8242 ; W It is a nice twenty-four hours to get down our trip. It is cheery and about 27 # 8242 ; outside. The conditions study sounds good for the following few yearss. Everyone is happy that our trip has eventually started but sad to go forth friends behind. The air current is blowing good and we hope to sail at least 15km before dark. We haven # 8217 ; t had much clip to prove all the equipment on the boat but have no frights that it won # 8217 ; t map decently. Day 2 Coordinates 42 # 8242 ; N 69 # 8242 ; W We have managed to maintain a good velocity by following the Labrador current down the eastern seashore. The conditions is still first-class with a good zephyr today. Everyone managed to acquire some slumber on the boat last dark. We plan to halt in Boston to refuel within the following few yearss. Moral is still high with merely a few ailments about non being able to watch Television. Everything seems to be working good with the exclusion of my ticker that I dropped overboard. We caught some fish for breakfast which will assist us salvage on nutrient costs. WE hope the remainder of the trip will be every bit gratifying as the first two. Day 3 Coordinates 39 # 8242 ; N 70 # 8242 ; W We stopped in Boston merely long plenty to refuel and acquire a few bags of french friess to maintain the childs happy. The air current has picked up and the sky is dark. We expect a little storm tomorrow but observing to acquire worked up approximately. Swells are from 1 to 3 meters but cipher seems to mind. I managed to make some wind surfing while the adult females were shopping for nutrient. Day 4 Coordinates 35 # 8242 ; N 67 # 8242 ; W The air current has picked up rather a spot which enabled us to do up for the halt in Boston. Everyone is still happy and wants to go on. I am sort of iffy on the conditions conditions but have decided non to head for the nearest port. The conditions study is naming for a storm tomorrow but they don # 8217 ; t anticipate it to be a bad one ; allow # 8217 ; s hope they are right. Day 5 Coordinates 34 # 8242 ; N 66 # 8242 ; W The air current was a spot stronger than had planned last dark. We are about in the Gulf Stream but still a good 2 # 8242 ; off. The wireless does non look to be working right so we plan to head to the following port we had planned. We have adequate supplies to last us at least six yearss so we can take out clip and sit out the storm. The childs are a spot disquieted but we can manage it. We are merely a spot off class, but doing great clip due to the strong air currents. Day 8 Coordinates 39 # 8242 ; N 69 # 8242 ; W The storm hit difficult and put us of class. The GPS does non work so The co-ordinates are done by utilizing a map and compass so they may be a small off. The childs are scared but I feel everything will be back under control shortly. We are heading for a port anyplace on the eastern seashore of North America. The air currents are still strong and we can # 8217 ; t utilize the masts as one has ripped. We are utilizing the motors and half about a half a armored combat vehicle left. There is still sufficient nutrient left for 3 yearss so it looks like we can do it to shore. We don # 8217 ; Ts know what to anticipate because the wirelesss have failed us are we can # 8217 ; t repair them. I haven # 8217 ; t had clip to compose as I have been flop with the boat and others on the boat. Let # 8217 ; s hope for the best. Day 9 Coordinates 37 # 8242 ; N 72 # 8242 ; W The conditions has started to better but we are nowhere near shore. The co-ordinates are an appraisal based on air current velocity and way we were heading. Everyone is acquiring scared and we are rationing nutrient. I have managed to catch some fish so we can salvage other nutrient. The H2O shaper is working good so fresh H2O is non a job. If things Don # 8217 ; t acquire better shortly I fear that we may # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. Day 15 Coordinates NA I hoped for the best and got the worst. The air currents were highly strong and the crestless waves were anyplace from 10 to 20 meters. Everyone is scared and angry at each other. Morale has dropped drastically and I am get downing to lose hope. We hold a small nutrient left and with this conditions it is difficult to fish. I hardly have clip to compose any entries but feel that it is a necessity to enter what is go oning. We may be in the Bermuda trigon but have no thought of cognizing for certain. The H2O is warm, the conditions is warm, but for some ground the storm is no better, if non worse. Day 20 Coordinates NA I feel that we are someplace in the Bermuda Triangle. The storm has ended, and we have found an island. There is tonss of nutrient and clean H2O. I keep composing and have since thrown transcripts of several entries in the H2O, trusting that person finds them and deliver us. No 1 was hurt and no one is hungry. The conditions is nice and everyone is slightly happy that we are on land. We shall go on to populate on the island until person arrives. Equally far as we know there are no unsafe animate beings on the island. It is about the same size as Halifax, Nova Scotia. We find new things all the clip and everyone is kept happy. Many wrecks are on the shores of this island so we feel lucky that no 1 was hurt. There are tonss of bottles and paper, wood, guns, etc. that we have confiscated from the other ships. I shall go on to compose until I have run out of paper. Mr. Johnson # 8220 ; Well, we should give these to the constabulary, Don # 8217 ; T you believe? # 8221 ; says Richard. # 8220 ; Boys, expression at the paper, did you read it? # 8221 ; chortles Martha. # 8220 ; What, what does it state? # 8221 ; asks Chester. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; ll read it. Prisoners of Bermuda Triangle Saved After 2 Calendar months Of Being Stranded on Island. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Well what you know, this is orderly, I think we should Down and Out # 8220 ; What you say we go down shore and see what the storm brung in? # 8221 ; says Richard. # 8220 ; Ya, stake we get ourselves some fresh lobster out some ole # 8217 ; trap we find washed up! # 8221 ; exclaims Chester. # 8220 ; Martha, acquire us our coats while we find dem darn boots! # 8221 ; says Richard. The two work forces get their boots, grab their jackets and caput for the beach. They two work forces walk for about an until a glistening object catches the corner of Chesters oculus. # 8220 ; Hey Rich, I think I see something over at that place, Lashkar-e-Taibas go look into it out, # 8221 ; says Chester. They work forces walk to the border of the grass where they find the glimmer objects. They notice that there are more than one, but about 15. They all have the same features, they are all in the form of bottles but they can # 8217 ; t see in them. There is a name written on the outside but the salt in the H2O must hold washed most of it off. They throw all the bottles in a refuse bag and decide to head place. From what they could see no traps had washed up, and their legs were acquiring tired. They walk the hr trip back to Richards house where they take off their attire and empty the bags. # 8220 ; What you suppose are in these? # 8221 ; asks Chester. # 8220 ; I don # 8217 ; t cognize but every bit shortly as we wash them a spot and unfastened mutton quad # 8217 ; up we should happen out # 8221 ; answers Richard. Chester fills an old fish box with H2O to rinse the bottles. They clean the bottles them take them out and dry them. Martha hands Richard a bottle screw and coatings doing supper. Richards grabs the first bottle and pops out the cork. He pulls out what seems to be a missive written by manus. Sing the conditions of the bottles the letters are still white, except for the contrasting black ink. He sets this missive to the side and opens up another bottle. He takes out another missive and sets it to the side. This procedure continues until all the bottles are empty and put to the side. # 8220 ; What do you do of these? # 8221 ; asks Richard. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m non certain what to do of them. I guess we will have to read them foremost, # 8221 ; repliesChester. The two work forces begin to read the letters. What they learn is amazing. As they read more they eyes unfastened wider and wider. Martha finally joins them and reads them out loud, get downing at the first. Day 1 Coordinates 43 # 8242 ; N 67 # 8242 ; W It is a nice twenty-four hours to get down our trip. It is cheery and about 27 # 8242 ; outside. The conditions study sounds good for the following few yearss. Everyone is happy that our trip has eventually started but sad to go forth friends behind. The air current is blowing good and we hope to sail at least 15km before dark. We haven # 8217 ; t had much clip to prove all the equipment on the boat but have no frights that it won # 8217 ; t map decently. Day 2 Coordinates 42 # 8242 ; N 69 # 8242 ; W We have managed to maintain a good velocity by following the Labrador current down the eastern seashore. The conditions is still first-class with a good zephyr today. Everyone managed to acquire some slumber on the boat last dark. We plan to halt in Boston to refuel within the following few yearss. Moral is still high with merely a few ailments about non being able to watch Television. Everything seems to be working good with the exclusion of my ticker that I dropped overboard. We caught some fish for breakfast which will assist us salvage on nutrient costs. WE hope the remainder of the trip will be every bit gratifying as the first two. Day 3 Coordinates 39 # 8242 ; N 70 # 8242 ; W We stopped in Boston merely long plenty to refuel and acquire a few bags of french friess to maintain the childs happy. The air current has picked up and the sky is dark. We expect a little storm tomorrow but observing to acquire worked up approximately. Swells are from 1 to 3 meters but cipher seems to mind. I managed to make some wind surfing while the adult females were shopping for nutrient. Day 4 Coordinates 35 # 8242 ; N 67 # 8242 ; W The air current has picked up rather a spot which enabled us to do up for the halt in Boston. Everyone is still happy and wants to go on. I am sort of iffy on the conditions conditions but have decided non to head for the nearest port. The conditions study is naming for a storm tomorrow but they don # 8217 ; t anticipate it to be a bad one ; allow # 8217 ; s hope they are right. Day 5 Coordinates 34 # 8242 ; N 66 # 8242 ; W The air current was a spot stronger than had planned last dark. We are about in the Gulf Stream but still a good 2 # 8242 ; off. The wireless does non look to be working right so we plan to head to the following port we had planned. We have adequate supplies to last us at least six yearss so we can take out clip and sit out the storm. The childs are a spot disquieted but we can manage it. We are merely a spot off class, but doing great clip due to the strong air currents. Day 8 Coordinates 39 # 8242 ; N 69 # 8242 ; W The storm hit difficult and put us of class. The GPS does non work so The co-ordinates are done by utilizing a map and compass so they may be a small off. The childs are scared but I feel everything will be back under control shortly. We are heading for a port anyplace on the eastern seashore of North America. The air currents are still strong and we can # 8217 ; t utilize the masts as one has ripped. We are utilizing the motors and half about a half a armored combat vehicle left. There is still sufficient nutrient left for 3 yearss so it looks like we can do it to shore. We don # 8217 ; Ts know what to anticipate because the wirelesss have failed us are we can # 8217 ; t repair them. I haven # 8217 ; t had clip to compose as I have been flop with the boat and others on the boat. Let # 8217 ; s hope for the best. Day 9 Coordinates 37 # 8242 ; N 72 # 8242 ; W The conditions has started to better but we are nowhere near shore. The co-ordinates are an appraisal based on air current velocity and way we were heading. Everyone is acquiring scared and we are rationing nutrient. I have managed to catch some fish so we can salvage other nutrient. The H2O shaper is working good so fresh H2O is non a job. If things Don # 8217 ; t acquire better shortly I fear that we may # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. Day 15 Coordinates NA I hoped for the best and got the worst. The air currents were highly strong and the crestless waves were anyplace from 10 to 20 meters. Everyone is scared and angry at each other. Morale has dropped drastically and I am get downing to lose hope. We hold a small nutrient left and with this conditions it is difficult to fish. I hardly have clip to compose any entries but feel that it is a necessity to enter what is go oning. We may be in the Bermuda trigon but have no thought of cognizing for certain. The H2O is warm, the conditions is warm, but for some ground the storm is no better, if non worse. Day 20 Coordinates NA I feel that we are someplace in the Bermuda Triangle. The storm has ended, and we have found an island. There is tonss of nutrient and clean H2O. I keep composing and have since thrown transcripts of several entries in the H2O, trusting that person finds them and deliver us. No 1 was hurt and no one is hungry. The conditions is nice and everyone is slightly happy that we are on land. We shall go on to populate on the island until person arrives. Equally far as we know there are no unsafe animate beings on the island. It is about the same size as Halifax, Nova Scotia. We find new things all the clip and everyone is kept happy. Many wrecks are on the shores of this island so we feel lucky that no 1 was hurt. There are tonss of bottles and paper, wood, guns, etc. that we have confiscated from the other ships. I shall go on to compose until I have run out of paper. Mr. Johnson # 8220 ; Well, we should give these to the constabulary, Don # 8217 ; T you believe? # 8221 ; says Richard. # 8220 ; Boys, expression at the paper, did you read it? # 8221 ; chortles Martha. # 8220 ; What, what does it state? # 8221 ; asks Chester. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; ll read it. Prisoners of Bermuda Triangle Saved After 2 Calendar months Of Being Stranded on Island. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Well what you know, this is orderly, I think we should name them and state them we got there letters, don # 8217 ; t you # 8221 ; asks Richard. # 8220 ; I thinks that # 8217 ; s a great thought, buts Lashkar-e-Taibas go down to the beach once more and have another expression # 8221 ; says Chester. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; ll acquire your jackets # 8221 ; says Martha.

Role of Bronislaw Malinowski in the Anthropology

Introduction Ethnography refers to the â€Å"branch of anthropology that deals with the scientific description of specific human cultures† (Okely, 2011). It has four elements, namely; participant observation, natural setting, holism, and use of subjects own language. The field of ethnography usually focuses on human societies through a branch of cultural anthropology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Bronislaw Malinowski in the Development of British Social Anthropology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethnography involves extensive travelling due to its aspects of fieldwork. Ethnographers study their subjects objectively. This process involves living an ordinary life among the population of study. The study period is usually long, but depends on the area of interest. This essay critically looks at the role of Bronislaw Malinowski in the development of British Social Anthropology and his influence i n the contemporary ethnography. Contemporary ethnographers consider Malinowski as one of the most experienced ethnographer. They consider Malinowski’s works as highly systematic with clear theoretical approaches in studying social systems. Other scholars have often referred to Malinowski as the first anthropologist to bring anthropology â€Å"off the veranda† (Kuper, 1973). This means that Malinowski had firsthand experiences of lives of his study population. This gave rise to the idea of participant observation in social research. According to Malinowski, it is necessary for an anthropologist to establish a contact with the study population in order to understand and record experiences of subjects objectively. This is crucial for understanding cultural aspects of the study population. He also brought the idea of functionalism and reciprocity, and the relationship between culture and people. Proponents of Malinowski look at anthropologists of the past centuries against the works of Malinowski. They note that Tylor and Frazer were the armchair anthropologists who relied on reports of missionaries, colonialists, travellers, and other people who could give them information for their studies (Kuper, 1973). JG Frazer was famous for studying social anthropology and showing the link between rituals and myths. He provided detailed accounts of religious and magical beliefs in his work, The Golden Bough of 1890. Frazer identified three stages of human belief as primitive magic, religious stage, and science stage. On the other hand, EB Tylor remains the scholar behind the idea of cultural evolutionism. Tylor looked at scientific study and anthropology as â€Å"a functional basis for the development of society and religion† (Kuper, 1973). Tylor believed that the British society could transform itself by understanding history and prehistory of man. Tylor and Frazer remain the founding fathers of modern anthropology.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The next generation moved closer to fieldwork but remained in the armchair as they worked from the verandas. This category included Rivers, Seligman and others. These scholars moved to various countries but did not go to the subjects. Instead, they would stay in verandas and subjects would come to them for interviews. However, Malinowski’s approach changed subsequent studies in anthropology. According to Malinowski, â€Å"true and intensive fieldwork could only take place by living at the centre of the natives’ village† (Malinowski, 1922). The British Social Anthropology Malinowski was among the founding anthropologists of the British Social Anthropology. Malinowski advocated for a change in the British Social Anthropology from â€Å"the speculative and historical to the ahistorical study of social institutions† (Young, 2004). Ahistorical study does not take into account historical contexts when examining cultural phenomena that change with time. This paradigm shift marked the introduction of functionalism and fieldwork as ideals of studying social anthropology. Functionalism gained influence around 1920s. It worked as a form of applied methodology in social science. However, it did meet certain conditions in studying social or cultural changes. Functionalism regards society as a complex system. This complexity results from various parts, which work as a unit for establishing stability and solidarity. Malinowski applied functionalism to understand a society using its macro-level structures. In this context, Malinowski focused on social structures of society. These structures are responsible for shaping a society. Functionalism also focuses on social functions of a society. According to Malinowski, it was necessary to study social behaviours and relations in a society within their cultural contexts. This led to the theory of participant observation. Malinowski argued that it was important to take into account the observable variations in actions and norms of the people. This captures what society does and what it claims to do. Participant observation is a form of data collection method, which is common in qualitative research paradigms. It has spread to other areas of research studies such as social psychology, sociology, and studies in communication. Malinowski applied participant observation in order to achieve close relationships with the society and informants under study. This approach also enabled him actively take part in the daily life of the subjects under study over a long period in their cultural environments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Bronislaw Malinowski in the Development of British Social Anthropology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Malinowski was able to provide a detailed account of Trobriand social life due to an application of the participant observation approach. As a result, Argonauts of the Western Pacific of 1922 became one of the most popular works of the anthropologist. Malinowski studied marriage, religious, and trade activities of the Trobriand extensively. This study and others developed the field of the British Social Anthropology from a mere discipline of evolution to a psychological and social field of scientific enquiry with both theoretical and methodological approaches. Malinowski challenged the Freudian approach of Oedipal Complex and the idea of primitivism among the natives. He showed that such primitive people had same levels and types of mental abilities like other advanced societies. He observed and substantiated such claims that primitive societies were not different from advanced societies. He observed that societies had different viewpoints about motives, beliefs, and emotional responses. However, human beings had similar manners of perceiving and processing infor mation irrespective of culture or race. This also extended to use of creativity and intelligence when adapting to situations. He made these assertions after studying Trobriand social life for many years. Malinowski’s ideas also spread beyond Britain. For instance, his methodologies also found their ways in Boasian methods among the American anthropologists. This established Malinowski as one of the most influential anthropologists of his time. Malinowski also developed the theory of reciprocity for understanding cultural anthropology. He aimed to define lives of Trobriand’s informal exchange of goods and explain how informal economic system worked. He identified that reciprocity was in â€Å"savage societies† as well as civilised societies. Malinowski extensively applied reciprocity in his study of the Kula ring (Stocking, 1983). The influence of Malinowski also reached in Africa through Rockefeller funding. He was in charge of field research in Africa in the 19 30s. This showed the influence of British Social Anthropology beyond Europe. This explains how the British Social Anthropology found its ways in former colonies.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, Peter Forster looked at anthropology in Africa and noted its influences and changes (Forster, 1994). As an effort to credit and adopt Malinowski’s approach to studying local social systems, he notes that cultural factors have not â€Å"received due attention since peasants’ knowledge and culture remain misunderstood† (Forster, 1994). Malinowski approaches to Fieldwork and its application in modern social research Scholars had already started fieldwork before Malinowski. However, Malinowski studies popularised and revolutionised fieldwork in anthropology. Malinowski believed in association with the native language. The works of Franz Boas also reflect this approach to social science. Malinowski believed in understanding mundane aspects of daily life of the society. In this context, Malinowski believed in going beyond the informant’s account in order to find true practices as they occurred in reality (Sanjek, 1990). Participant observation enabled the researcher to collect data about cultural aspects of the society. In this way, Malinowski was able to understand the psychology of his subjects. Establishment of Fieldwork Wax noted, â€Å"In the final analysis, the major credit for discovering the technique of intensive personal fieldwork among a single people must go to Bronislaw Malinowski (Wax, 1972, p. 2). Malinowski established three conditions for effective fieldwork. First, the research must have scientific goals, apply the values and approaches of contemporary ethnography. Second, the ethnographer must be in a better position when conducting the study. This implies that the ethnographer must live among the natives when gathering information. Third, the ethnographer must use several scientific methods of collecting, analysing, and fixing data. These three aspects should lead to three specific types of evidence from the fieldwork. First, ethnographer must understand the natives, their organisation, and anatomy of their c ulture. Second, the researcher must understand the actual life and behaviours of the natives. Finally, the researcher must present all materials from the field for analysis. According to Malinowski, this was the ideal fieldwork. Malinowski puts emphasis on the second principle as a root for successful fieldwork in ethnography. Living among the natives enabled the ethnographer to consider them as companions. This was an opportunity to learn about customs and beliefs of the native from a natural intercourse. Therefore, it was necessary to create proper conditions for fieldwork first (Wax, 1972). Malinowski then applied the first principle for effective fieldwork. This requires the ethnographer to pursue evidence using scientific principles. The scientific approaches enable the researcher to develop a conceptual framework of the problem under investigation. This is the appropriate way to achieve reliable results for contemporary studies. Thus, the researcher has to foreshadow the probl em when developing a scientific approach. In this context, Malinowski insisted on three fundamental types of evidence the ethnographer must separate from one another. First, the ethnographer must focus on the organisation of the natives and elements of its culture. In this area, the researcher must apply a proper technique of statistic in documenting data. Second, the research must focus on actual life of the natives and their behaviours. The research must document details gathered. This is only possible by establishing a close contact with the natives. Third, the researcher must review a corpus of ethnographic statements, utterances, narratives, traditional beliefs, magical approaches, and mentality of the natives. This observation is similar to the approach in â€Å"Collection† of Franz Boas. Malinowski presented a concrete approach used in fieldwork. This provides clear evidence on how scientific methods should work. In this sense, the method reflects final aims of the eth nographer, which are to capture ideas from the subjects’ point of view, aspects of life, and views about the world. Such detailed account of fieldwork led Malinowski to debunk observations of the Social Darwinist. This idea claims that all societies pass through â€Å"the same distinct and predictable stages, in the same predictable order, along a single linear trajectory† (Kuper, 1973). According to Malinowski, societies are different and difficult to predict due to their great variations. These various are diverse and not linear as the linear model indicates. Malinowski brings out three elements of effective fieldwork in comparison to his contemporary, River. He shows that ethnographer must show specific details of data collection, how to implement the method, and establish awareness of participation. Urry observes that Malinowski’s fieldwork approach classifies â€Å"the types of information for collection under concrete evidence, imponderability of social l ife, and native statements taken in vernacular† (Urry, 1993). From this point, Malinowski concludes that these are â€Å"the main three realms of ethnographic data the researcher should collect† (Urry, 1993). In this manner, Malinowski provides a detailed approach to fieldwork, which is applicable in modern social science. River’s approach concentrated on interviewing the subjects. On the other hand, Malinowski stressed the importance of participation by taking part in the village life. Thus, he notes, â€Å"it is good for the Ethnographer sometimes to leave camera, notebook, and pencil, and join what is going on. He can take part in the natives’ games. He can follow them on their visits, walks, sit, listen, and share in their conversations† (Malinowski, 1922, p. 22). The application of functionalism enables us to understand the place of magic rituals in modern societies. For instance, people who cannot bear challenges of modern, professional life o r tragic trauma usually resort to tribal of positive visualization. This acts as a form of therapy and healing process to such individuals as they imagine of positive outcomes in their roles. Therefore, the studies of Malinowski enable us to understand how traditional rituals can facilitate productivity in society. We can see contributions and scientific influences of studies of Malinowski in scientific research. Scholars have accredited Malinowski as the father of functionalism. As a result, there are attempts to contrast structural-functionalism of Radcliffe-Brown and Malinowski, and structuralism of Émile Durkheim. These approaches view society as a whole as they recognise contributions of its various institutions. Malinowski approached the society with the focus on actions of an individual. In this context, he argues that society exists to serve individual’s needs. He also focuses on â€Å"customary practices, and beliefs and how the psychology of those individuals m ight lead them to generate change† (Stocking, 1983). Malinowski also achieved influence through his lectures, writings, and mentorship. Still, most of Malinowski’s contributions to the British Social Anthropology also emanated from his contact with Radcliffe-Brown. These two scholars had differences but aimed to change past theories of social science. They aspired to create a new form of British Social Anthropology favoured with new ideas and practical, scientific methods. Malinowski insisted that ethnographers who wanted to experience life of the native had to adopt a fieldwork approach. This led to the development of a â€Å"scientific theory of culture† after his death (Kuper, 1973). This theory posits that it is â€Å"the function of an institution and the purpose of its existence that contribution to the biological survival of individuals within an interlocking matrix of such institutions† (Ellen, 1984). Fieldwork today Today, many ethnographers belie ve that conducting fieldwork using Malinowski’s approach is the best approach to understanding anthropological research as it is the only way of distinguishing the research (Watson, 1999). However, fieldwork has evolved since the time of Malinowski and now has several practices and methods, which modern social scientists use for gaining intimate knowledge of a society. Ethnographers of today conduct fieldwork in highly contemporary environments as well as remote villages. Still, they used several techniques to collect data. First, researchers collect data using quantitative approaches through surveys or existing records on the subject. Second, some researchers apply quantitative techniques to gather information. However, this is mainly common among biological anthropologists who study demographic aspects of communities. Unlike in the past where researchers worked independently, studies involving quantitative techniques may require cooperation among researchers as they take an interdisciplinary approach (Antonius and Sulka, 2006). However, social studies of today prefer qualitative information. They also use various approaches such as â€Å"individual or group interviews, undertaking oral histories, online discussion forums and, most importantly, through the Malinowskian tradition of participant observation† (Okely, 2011). Participant observation still plays the role it did during the time of Malinowski. It enables the researcher to â€Å"undertake detailed, lengthy, and often complex observations of social life in fine details† (Okely, 2011). Such approaches may target various sources of information such as virtual network communities, a native society, and social groups of the modern society. Modern fieldwork also has moved to the museums, institutions, archives and other places of keeping information. In these cases, the anthropologist seeks to understand â€Å"the underlying symbolic and cultural meanings of a text or a collection of o bjects† (Okely, 2011). Susanne Wessendorf shows challenges modern social ethnographers face during the course of their fieldwork (Wessendorf, 2009). The researcher observes that modern social research is quite different in urban settings. There are challenges involving practicality of applying participant observation in urban contexts as it raises ethical concerns too. Wessendorf highlights that such issues can change the course of participant observation. The researchers can fail to establish the relationship that Malinowski created with his informants and the natives. For instance, Wessendorf noted that her â€Å"everyday social relations with her informants consisted of casual encounters and participant observation in cafà ©s, at Salsa classes and at Italian club nights† (Wessendorf, 2009). Similarly, modern researchers have also based their studies on human subjects as the use of fieldwork expands to other fields such as medicine. Such researchers come closer to th eir subjects for exchange of information. Consequently, there are ethical problems earlier researchers such as Malinowski, Rivers, and Radcliffe-Brown did not experience. As a result, modern researchers face ethical dilemmas with human subjects during fieldwork. This is because they have to invade privacy of their informants. Therefore, researchers have to address the need to â€Å"extend the ethical decision-making paradigm to address ethical dilemmas arising during the course of fieldwork† (Qudsiya, 2008). Despite these observations, fieldwork remains the cornerstone of ethnography. Moreover, the idea of spending time with participants is the only way for ethnographers to collect reliable data from the participants. Conclusion The paper has highlighted contributions of Malinowski in developing the British Social Anthropology. Malinowski established ideals of fieldwork in ethnography by declaring clear stages of fieldwork, and what researchers should do while interacting wit h the natives. We have noted four principles Malinowski emphasised in social research. First, the ethnographer had to spend considerably extended time with the subjects. This is where Malinowski applied participant observation in order to understand cultures of the natives. Second, Malinowski applied functionalism to understand structures of the society through its members by analysing data collected. Third, the study used holistic approach. Fourth, Malinowski focused on the â€Å"savage societies† rather than civilised societies. Reference List Antonius, R and Sulka, J 2006, Ethnographic Fieldwork: An Anthropological Reader, Wiley-Blackwell, London. Ellen, R 1984, Ethnographic Research: A Guide to General Conduct, Academic Press, London. Forster, P 1994, ‘Has Anthropology a Future in Africa After Colonialism?’, UTAFITI: News Series, vol.1, no.1, pp. 48-69. Kuper, A 1973, Anthropologists and Anthropology: The British School, 1922-1972, Allen Lane, London. Malinow ski, B 1922, ‘Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea’, Studies in Economics and Political Science, vol. 65, p. 22. Okely, J 2011, Anthropological Practice: Fieldwork and the Ethnographic Method, Berg Publishers, London. Qudsiya, C 2008, ‘Fieldwork and social science research ethics’, Indian J Med Ethics, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 22-3. Sanjek, R 1990, Fieldnotes: the makings of anthropology, Cornell University Press, Ithaca. Stocking, G 1983, The Ethnographer’s Magic: Fieldwork in British Anthropology From Tylor to Malinowski, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. Urry, J 1993, Before Social Anthropology: Essays on the History of British Anthropology, Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur, Switzerland. Watson, C 1999, Being There: Fieldwork in Anthropology: Anthropology, Culture and Society, Pluto Press, London. Wax, M 1972, ‘Tenting with Malinowski’, American S ociological Review, vol, 37, no. 1, pp. 1-13. Wessendorf, S 2009, Doing fieldwork with busy people. Web. Young, M 2004, Malinowski: Odyssey of an Anthropologist, 1884-1920, Yale University Press, New Haven. This essay on Role of Bronislaw Malinowski in the Development of British Social Anthropology was written and submitted by user Johanna J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.